Topology (electrical engineering) is the arrangement of components and their interconnections within an electrical circuit or system, defining the structural configuration of the network. It represents the pattern of connectivity between circuit elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, and signal sources, and describes how these elements are wired together, often independent of their physical layout or specific parameter values. This structural definition is fundamental to understanding and predicting the functional behavior, signal flow, and operational characteristics of the circuit or system, distinguishing different circuit types based on their fundamental connection patterns.